Mark Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West
H 113 Western
Civilization to 1648, Section 23285 Dr.
Thomas A. Mason
Review Sheet 3: for Final Examination,
Wednesday, December 13.
The final exam will take the form of an essay (75%) and matching
(25%). For the essay, you will write on one
out of twenty-three available topic options. Instructions will ask you to
support generalizations with detailed and well-defined evidence, to organize
carefully your thoughts and argument, and to integrate information from the textbook and the videos / lectures. As
with the quiz and mid-semester exam, you will be expected to develop your
answer with details on the what, who, where, when (dates), how, and why of your topic. The essay on the final exam is
the same length as the mid-semester exam and longer—several (more than three)
substantial paragraphs—than the single-paragraph responses requested on the
quiz.
Essay
questions will be in the general format of the “Questions for Review” at the
end of each chapter in your textbook (Mark Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West). Take a look
at those “Questions for Review” to get an idea of what to expect on the essay.
Also take a look at the “key terms” in the left column below to get an idea of
what to expect on matching items; some are listed under more than one chapter
when significant discussion appears in more than one chapter; the
glossary—pages G-1–G-13 at the back of your textbook—provides short definitions
of those key terms. All twenty-five
matching items on the exam are drawn from the eighty-seven “Key Terms” in the
left column below, but not all “Key Terms” will be matching items. “Background”
items in the right column below are for your information only, for use in
developing your essay, but will not be potential matching items on the exam.
Please note:
·
Please turn in the final examination electronically through the
“Assignments” link on Canvas.
·
The “Assignments” link on Canvas will automatically check your final
examination for originality through Turnitin, which will create an originality
report that will be accessible to you and me. Using someone
else’s words or ideas without giving credit is called plagiarism, which is an offense under the
university-wide Code of Student Rights,
Responsibilities, and Conduct at Indiana University (http://studentcode.iu.edu). Plagiarism is a big word for stealing, passing off another’s
work as your own, or cheating. When plagiarism is detected in this class, the
student will receive an automatic F (zero points) on the assignment.
·
You are welcome to take quizzes and examinations early (give me
advance notice so I can have the quiz or examination made up early).
·
No more than one late assignment (book review / essay) or
makeup quiz / examination will be allowed to any student.
The final
exam will cover chapters 8 through 16
in your textbook.
Essay topic options:
Canvas >
Modules > Module 23 The Carolingian Empire and Its Successors
learning
objectives for this module: be able to:- compare and contrast political, military, cultural, and religious initiatives to achieve stability by Charlemagne and by Alfred the Great
- explain why Charlemagne’s empire did not long outlive him
- explain the long-term problems that ensued from the breakup of Charlemagne’s empire
·
read the textbook, chapter 8, “The West in the Early Middle Ages,
500–900" pages 176–199
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 23 > lecture / video H 113
23 The Carolingian Empire and Its Successors_with_Recording
·
view a YouTube video, from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, “The
Mystery of the Octagon: Aachen Cathedral” (in western Germany, built as
Charlemagne’s chapel, 796–805). Follow the prompt: “This video contains content
from UNESCO, who has blocked it from display on this website. Watch on
YouTube”—in other words, click on the Watch on YouTube link: Link
·
view a YouTube video, from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre,
“Hospital for Souls: Convent of Saint Gall” (in northeast Switzerland, a major
Carolingian center of manuscript transcription). Follow the prompt: “This video
contains content from UNESCO, who has blocked it from display on this website. Watch
on YouTube”—in other words, click on the Watch on YouTube link: Link
·
view a YouTube video (actually audio) of the Gregorian chant, Veni
Creator Spiritus (Latin: Come Creator Spirit), a hymn believed to have been
written by Rabanus Maurus (ca. 780–856), a Frankish Benedictine monk and
theologian who became archbishop of Mainz in Germany), sung by the Benedictine
monks of the Abbey of Saint Maurice and
Saint Maurus of Clervaux (Luxembourg) and recorded in 1960: Link
d.:
died ca.:
circa: Latin: about / approximately
Definitions
within quotation marks are from Merriam-Webster’s
Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed. (Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster,
2003). A date following a word or term is the date of the earliest recorded use
of that word or term in English.
textbook (Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West), chapter 8: “The West in the Early Middle Ages, 500–900,” pages 176–199
key terms background
Theodoric the Great, ca. 454–526,
king of Odoacer (Germanic
chieftain) deposed
the
Ostrogoths (471–526) (an Arian Romulus
Augustulus, last emperor of
Christian),
appointed ruler (“patrician”) the
West, 476: traditional end of the
in
Italy by Emperor Zeno in 480 Roman
Empire in the West.
Belisarius
and Narses recovered North
Africa
from the Vandals, 533–548; the
Kingdom
of the Ostrogoths in Italy,
535–554;
and southeastern Spain from
the
Visigoths, 554, for Justinian I.
Plague
reduced the European population by
as
much as one-third, 541–ca. 750
Gregory I (Gregory the Great), Gregorian chant /
plainsong
ca.
540–604, pope (590–604) Augustine
of Canterbury, d. 605,
archbishop
of Canterbury (601–605)
Synod
of Whitby, 664
Bede
(673–735), declared a Doctor of the
Church,
1899; canonized 1935;
(written 731,
Medieval Latin;
circulated
in manuscript; first
printed
1475; translated into Early
Modern English: The History of the
Church
of Englande, 1565)
[compare / background: Beowulf (early
8th
century or early 11th century; Old
English
/ Anglo-Saxon)]
Charles Martel, 688–741, Frankish
ruler Battle of Tours or
Poitiers, 732
(see also discussion in chapter 7)
Charlemagne, 742–814, Frankish
king grandson of Charles
Martel,
(768–814),
emperor of the West son
of Pippin III
(800–814) Carolingian
Empire, 800–888
Caroline
or Carolingian minuscule
Carolingian
Renaissance
missi
dominici
Charlemagne’s
successors:
Louis
I (Louis the Pious), 778–840,
emperor
of the West (814–840)
Lothair
I, 795–855, emperor of the West
(840–855)
Charles
II (Charles the Bald), 823–877,
emperor
of the West (875–877), king
of
the West Franks (843–877)
Louis
the German, ca. 804–876, king of
the
East Franks (817–876)
Treaty
of Verdun, 843
Alfred the Great, 849–899, Alfred
recaptured London, 886: end of the
king
of Wessex (870–899) Heptarchy;
thereafter the Wessex
dynasty
expanded over all of England
Anglo-Saxon
Chronicle, begun ca. 891
Otto I (Otto the Great), 912–973,
German Holy Roman Empire,
962–1806
king
(936–973), emperor (962–973) John
XII, ca. 937–964, pope (955–964)
(see also discussion in chapter 9)
Canvas >
Modules > Module 24 Feudalism
learning
objective for this module:
Be able to
compare and contrast the agrarian, manorial, and feudal systems of medieval
Europe.
to
do for this module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 9, “The High Middle Ages,
900–1300" pages 200–205
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 24 > lecture / video H 113
24 Feudalism_with_Recording
textbook (Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West), chapter 9: “The High Middle Ages, 900–1300,” pages 200–205
agrarian
system manorialism /
manorial system feudalism / feudal
system
unit
of farming: unit of landholding / lordship: unit of land held in return for
villa (Latin) manor / manor house military service:
vilage (Anglo-French) feudum
(Medieval Latin)
village (Middle English) fief
(Old French)
manse (Middle English) fee
(Middle English)
key terms background
serfs
demesne
vassals
lords
chivalry (Anglo-French:
chevalerie):
the
code of medieval knighthood
(see
also discussion in chapter 10)
Canvas > Modules > Module 25 The West Encounters the East:
The Crusades
learning
objectives for this module: be able to:
1. compare and
contrast the four sides of the struggle that developed during the Crusades
between Europeans (Franks, Normans, and Byzantine Greeks), Arabs (Fatimids,
Ayyubids, and later the Mamluks), Turks (Seljuks, later Ottomans), and Mongols
2. explain the
discoveries and cultural influences that the crusaders brought back to Europe
from Western Asia and North Africa
to
do for this module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 9, “The High Middle Ages,
900–1300," pages 206–207.
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 25 > lecture / video, H
113 25 The West Encounters the East: The Crusades_with_Recording
·
view a YouTube video, from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, “The
City Lying beneath a City: Old City of Acre” (a port city on the Mediterranean
coast of northwest Israel, where a subterranean Crusader fort and city are
being excavated). Follow the prompt: “This video contains content from UNESCO,
who has blocked it from display on this website. Watch on YouTube”—in
other words, click on the Watch on YouTube link: Link
·
view a YouTube video, from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, “A
Crusader Castle: Krak des Chevaliers” (in Syria). Follow the prompt: “This
video contains content from UNESCO, who has blocked it from display on this
website. Watch on YouTube”—in other words, click on the Watch on
YouTube link: Link
textbook (Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West), chapter 9: “The High Middle Ages, 900–1300,” pages 206–207
key terms background
First
Crusade, 1095–1099 crusade
(Medieval Latin: cruciata; Middle
French:
croisade: marked with a cross)
(see
also discussion of the Crusades
in
chapter 7)
Urban
II, ca. 1042–1099,
pope
(1088–1099)
Latin
Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099–1187
Second
Crusade, 1145–1149
Third Crusade, 1187–1192 Latin Kingdom
of Cyprus, 1191–1489
Fourth Crusade, 1202–1204 Latin Empire of
Constantinople, 1204–1261
Fall
of Acre, the last Christian stronghold in
the
Middle East, 1291: end of the
crusading
era
Canvas >
Modules > Module 26 Europe in the High Middle Ages, 900-1300
learning
objectives for this module: be able to:
1. explain the
cycles of religious and monastic reform: the perceived abuses / challenges to
which the several medieval monastic reform movements (Cluniacs, Cistercians,
Franciscans, and Dominicans) responded, and how they responded
2. demonstrate
how secular rulers and the papacy supported and reinforced each other, and over
what issues they conflicted. Focus on examples such as—but not limited to—(from
previous modules) Charles Martel and Pope Gregory III; Pippin III and Pope
Zacharias; Charlemagne and Pope Leo III; Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII; and
(from this module) Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII
3. explain how
and why medieval monarchs and popes established strong centralized states by
the end of the middle ages, and how and why the Holy Roman Emperors failed to
do so. Focus on examples such as—but not limited to—Pope Innocent III and
Philip IV (Philip the Fair) in France
4. compare and
contrast Romanesque and Gothic architecture
to
do for this module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 9, “The High Middle Ages,
900–1300," pages 205–206 and 208–221
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 26 > lecture / video H 113
26 Europe in the High Middle Ages, 900–1300_with_Recording
·
view a YouTube video, from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre,
“Solemn World of Light: Chartres Cathedral.” Follow the prompt: “This video contains
content from UNESCO, who has blocked it from display on this website. Watch
on YouTube”—in other words, click on the Watch on YouTube link: Link
textbook (Kishlansky
et al., Civilization in the West), chapter 9: “The High Middle Ages, 900–1300,” pages 205–206 and 208–221
key terms background
Italian communes / city-states Ghibellines
Guelphs
guild
(14th century): a medieval corporation; “a
medieval
association of merchants or
craftsmen”
universitas / university University
of Bologna, founded 1088
University
of Paris, founded 12th century
Peter
Abelard, 1079–1142
Scholastic
method
Oxford
University, founded 12th century
Cambridge
University, founded 12th
century
Thomas Aquinas, 1225–1274 Summa theologica (written 1266–1273,
Medieval
Latin; circulated in
manuscript;
first printed 1463):
Summary of Theology
cycles of religious / monastic reform
Cluny,
founded 909; Cluniacs arrived in England
1077
chantry:
“an endowment for the chanting of
masses
commonly for the founder”
Cîteaux,
founded 1098 / Cistercians arrived in
England
1128
Bernard
of Clairvaux, 1090–1153; canonized
1174
Francis
of Assisi, 1182–1226; canonized
1228
Franciscans,
founded 1209; arrived in England,
1224
friar:
“a member of a mendicant order”
mendicant
(mendicare: Latin: to beg):
“a
member of a religious order (as the
Franciscans)
combining monastic life
and
outside religious activity and
originally
owning neither personal nor
community
property”
Dominic,
1170–1221; canonized 1224
Dominicans,
founded 1216; arrived in England
1221
Augustinian
Hermits, founded ca. 1242; arrived
in
England ca. 1242
empire
and papacy
Otto I (Otto the Great), 912–973,
German Holy Roman Empire,
962–1806
king
(936–973), emperor (962–973) John
XII, ca. 937–964, pope (955–964)
(see
also discussion in chapter 8)
Henry
IV, 1050–1106, emperor
(1084–1105),
German king (1056–1105)
Gregory
VII, d. 1085, pope (1073–1085)
lay
investiture
submission
at Canossa, 1077
Concordat
of Worms, 1122
Innocent III, 1160–1216, pope
(1198–1216) Fourth Crusade,
1202–1204
Albigensian Crusade / Cathar Crusade,
1209–1229
Fourth
Lateran Council, 1215
Boniface
VIII, 1235–1303, pope (1294–1303)
France
Philip II (Philip Augustus),
1165–1223,
king of France (1180–1223) (Capetian)
Louis IX (Saint Louis), 1214–1270,
Seventh Crusade,
1248–1254
king
of France (1226–1270) (Capetian), Eighth
Crusade, 1270
canonized 1297
Philip IV (Philip the Fair),
1268–1314, Estates-General,
first summoned 1302
king of France (1285–1314) (Capetian)
Canvas >
Modules > Module 27 England, 1000–1300
learning
objectives for this module: be able to:
1. explain the
causes, course of events, and results of the Norman Conquest
2. explicate the
causes, course of events, and results of King John’s conflicts with his barons,
with King Philip II (Philip Augustus) of France, and with Pope Innocent III
to
do for this Module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 9, “The High Middle Ages,
900–1300," pages 221–225
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 27 > lecture / video H 113
27 England, 1000–1300_with_Recording
·
view a Public Broadcasting System segment, “Unearthed Gold Sheds
Light on Anglo-Saxon History,” about the 2009 discovery of a buried hoard of
artifacts: Link
·
view an online version of the Bayeux tapestry, from Scholarly
Digital Editions, at the following link, and enter username tmason and
password: tmason (case sensitive; use for both username and password; please
log out when finished): Link. Odo, bishop
of Bayeux (in Normandy), and brother of William the Conqueror, commissioned the
Bayeux Tapestry, which portrays the events leading up to the Norman Conquest.
textbook (Kishlansky
et al., Civilization in the West), chapter 9: “The High Middle Ages, 900–1300,” pages 221–225
key terms background
Edward the Confessor, d. 1066, Harold, ca.
1022–1066, last Anglo-Saxon
king
of England (1042–1066) king
of England (1066)
(Anglo-Saxon), canonized 1161 Harold III (Harold
Hardrada), d. 1066, king of
Norway (1046–1066)
William I (William the Conqueror),
1027– Battle of Hastings, 1066
1087,
duke of Normandy (1035–1087) Norman
Conquest
and king of England (1066–1087) Domesday Book, 1085–1086
Henry II, 1133–1189, count of
Anjou Angevin: French:
of Anjou; Plantagenet:
(1151–1189)
and king of England family
name of the counts of Anjou,
(1154–1189)
(first of the Angevin / whose
emblem was a sprig of broom
Plantagenet dynasty) plant,
“planta genista”)
Thomas à Becket, ca. 1118–1170,
lord
chancellor of England (1155–1162),
archbishop
of Canterbury (1162–1170),
canonized
1173
Richard I (Richard the
Lion-Hearted), Château
Gaillard (Normandy),
1157–1199,
king of England (1189–1199) built
1197–1198
(Angevin / Plantagenet)
Magna Carta, 1215: John,
1166–1216, king of England
Medieval Latin: Great Charter (1199–1216)
(Angevin / Plantagenet)
Edward I, 1239–1307, Krak
des Chevaliers (Syria), built 1030
king
of England (1272–1307) Ninth
Crusade, 1270–1272
(Angevin / Plantagenet) Beaumaris
Castle (Wales), built ca. 1284
representative assemblies
Althing:
Icelandic: general diet,
convened
930
witan:
Old English / Anglo-Saxon:
plural
of wita: sage, adviser
witenagamot:
Old English / Anglo-Saxon:
meeting
of counselors
Great
Council: the Norman / feudal
representative
assembly: predecessor
of
Parliament
Curia
Regis: Medieval Latin: royal council /
king’s
court: predecessor of the Privy
Council,
later Cabinet
Parliament The Great
Council came to be called
Parliament
ca. 1240.
Simon
de Montfort’s Parliament, 1265
Model
Parliament, 1295
power
of the purse
estates
of the realm
first
estate: clergy
second
estate: nobility
third
estate: commons / burgesses /
burghers
/ bourgeoisie / knights /
gentry
other representative assemblies:
Estates-General
(France),
first
summoned 1302
Cortes
(Spain)
Diet
/ Reichstag (Germany / Holy Roman
Empire,
Poland, Bohemia, Hungary,
Scandinavian
countries)
Canvas >
Modules > Module 28 The Hundred Years’ War
learning
objective for this module:
Be able to
explain the causes, course of events, and results of the Hundred Years’ War.
to
do for this module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 10, “The Later Middle Ages,
1300–1500," pages 226–233
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 28 > lecture / video, H
113 28 The Hundred Years’ War_with_Recording
·
View a video recording of the Agincourt Hymn: Link. The Agincourt Hymn was an English folk tune written sometime
during the early 15th century. Its chorus: Deo gratias Anglia redde pro
Victoria: England, give thanks to God for victory! John Dunstaple (also Dunstable), 1385–1453, composed the organ
version.
textbook (Kishlansky
et al., Civilization in the West), chapter 10: “The Later Middle Ages, 1300–1500,” pages 226–233
key terms background
Charles IV, 1316–1378, German king
and Golden Bull, 1356
king
of Bohemia (1347–1378) and
emperor (1355–1378) (Luxembourg)
Hundred Years’ War, 1337–1453 Philip VI, 1293–1350,
king
of France (1328–1350)
(first
of the Valois dynasty)
Jacob
van Artevelde, ca. 1290–1345,
Flemish
statesman, head of the Ghent
city
government (1337–1345)
Battle
of Crécy, 1346
Battle
of Poitiers, 1356
Battle
of Agincourt, 1415
Siege
of Orléans, 1428–1429
Joan
of Arc, 1412–1431,
canonized
1920
Charles
VII (Charles the Victorious),
1403–1461,
king of France (1422–1461)
(Valois)
Battle
of Formigny, 1450
Battle
of Castillon, 1453
Edward III, 1312–1377, king of
England bastard feudalism
(1327–1377) (Angevin / Plantagenet; Edward III founded the Order of the Garter,
Angevin:
French: of Anjou; 1348
Plantagenet:
family name of the chivalry
(chevalerie: Anglo-French:
counts
of Anjou, whose emblem was a the
code medieval knighthood)
sprig
of broom plant, “planta genista”) (see
also discussion in chapter 9)
growth
of Parliament
power
of the purse
Edward
III defaulted on his creditors, the
Bardi
and the Peruzzi banking houses in
Florence,
1340.
impeachment,
1376
Wars of the Roses, 1455–1485 white rose:
Yorkists
(see
also discussion in chapter 12) red
rose: Lancastrians
insolvency
/ sovereign debt default of
England,
1472
Henry
VII, 1457–1509, king of England
(1485–1509)
(first of the Tudor dynasty)
Tudor
rose combined white and red roses
Canvas >
Modules > Module 29 The Great Plague
learning
objectives for this module: be able to:- explain the causes, course of events, and results of the Black Death
- account for the several revolts and social upheavals that followed the Black Death
·
read the textbook, chapter 10, “The Later Middle Ages,
1300–1500," pages 234–240
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 29 > lecture / video, H
113 29 The Great Plague_with_Recording
·
view a YouTube video, from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre,
“Harmony Within: Hanseatic City of Lübeck.” Follow the prompt: “This video
contains content from UNESCO, who has blocked it from display on this website. Watch
on YouTube”—in other words, click on the Watch on YouTube link: Link
·
View a YouTube video, from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, “The
Knights’ Fortress: Castle of the Teutonic Order at Malbork.” Follow the prompt:
“This video contains content from UNESCO, who has blocked it from display on
this website. Watch on YouTube”—in other words, click on the Watch on
YouTube link: Link
key terms background
Black Death, 1347–1352 bacterium:
Yersinia pestis; named for its
codiscoverer,
Alexandre Yersin, who
discovered
it in 1894; originally named
Pasteurella
pestis, the organism was
renamed
in 1967.
bubonic
plague
septicemic
plague
pneumonic
plague
epidemic
(Greek: epidēmia, from epi- = on
+
dēmos = people): affecting a dispro-
portionately
large number of persons
within
a population at the same time
pandemic
(Greek: pandēmos, from pan- =
all
+ dēmos = people): “occurring over a
wide
geographic area and affecting an
exceptionally
high proportion of the
population”
Statute
of Laborers, 1351
peasant revolts
in
the aftermath of the Black Death:
Jacquerie, 1358
Etienne
Marcel, ca. 1316–1358
Commune
of Paris
Ciompi revolt
in Florence, 1378
(see
also discussion in chapter 11)
Great
Rebellion of English peasants, 1381
peasant
revolt in Catalonia, 1395
Hanseatic League (hansa / plural:
hanse: Teutonic Knights /
Livonian Knights
Middle
Low German: company, Northern
Crusades / Baltic Crusades,
medieval
merchant guild), 1226–1285
ca.
1200–ca. 1700
Canvas >
Modules > Module 30 The Proto-Reformation
learning
objectives for this module: be able to:
1. describe the
impact of the Babylonian Captivity of the Church and the Great Schism of the
West
2. explain the
reform responses throughout Europe (particularly in England and Bohemia) to the
Babylonian Captivity of the Church and the Great Schism of the West
to
do for this module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 10, “The Later Middle Ages,
1300–1500," pages 240–245
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 30 > lecture / video H 113
30 The Proto-Reformation_with_Recording
·
view a YouTube video, from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, “Pope
in Captivity: Historic Centre of Avignon: Papal Palace, Episcopal Ensemble, and
Avignon Bridge.” Follow the prompt: “This video contains content from UNESCO,
who has blocked it from display on this website. Watch on YouTube”—in
other words, click on the Watch on YouTube link: Link
textbook (Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West),
chapter 10: “The
Later Middle Ages, 1300–1500,” pages 240–245
key terms background
cycles
of religious reform
the
proto-Reformation
proto-
: Greek: before
Babylonian Captivity (Avignon
papacy), Great Schism of the
West, 1378–1417
1305–1377 Urban
VI, ca. 1318–1389, pope (1378–1389)
Clement
VII, d. 1394, antipope (1378–1394)
Council of
Constance, 1414–1418
conciliarism
/ conciliar movement
John Wycliffe, ca. 1330–1384 Lollards
Wycliffe
Bible: a translation from the Latin
Vulgate
into Middle English, ca. 1384;
circulated
in manuscript
Jan Hus (John Huss), 1373–1415 Hussites
First
Defenestration of Prague, 1419
Hussite
Wars, 1419–1478
Canvas >
Modules > Module 31 The Proto-Renaissance
learning
objectives for this module: be able to:
1. explain the
response of Dante Alighieri to political instability, territorial disunity, and
foreign occupation in Italy
2. explain the
response of Francesco Petrarch to political instability, territorial disunity,
and foreign occupation in Italy
to
do for this module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 10, “The Later Middle Ages,
1300–1500," pages 245–248
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 31 > lecture / video, H
113 31 The Proto-Renaissance_with_Recording
textbook (Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West),
chapter 10: “The
Later Middle Ages, 1300–1500,” pages 245–248
key terms background
the proto-Renaissance
Dante Alighieri, 1265–1321 La commedia (written 1305–1321, Italian)
Giovanni
Boccaccio, Dante’s first
biographer,
added Divina to Dante’s
title.
(Inferno, Purgatorio, Paradiso)
Circulated in
manuscript; first printed
1472; first
English translation: The
Divina
Commedia,
1802.
cosmography
(Greek: kosmographia, from
kosmos
= universe + graphein = to write
/
-graphy / writing on a subject): theory
describing
the structure of the universe
De monarchia (written ca. 1312–1313,
Renaissance
Latin: On Monarchy /
On World Government; circulated in
manuscript;
first printed 1559)
Francesco Petrarch, 1304–1374 Africa (written ca. 1337–1343, Renaissance
Latin:
Life of Scipio Africanus the Elder;
circulated in
manuscript)
De gestis Cæsaris (written ca.
1353–1374,
Italian:
The Deeds of Julius Cæsar;
circulated in manuscript)
Giovanni
Boccaccio, 1313–1375:
Il decamerone (written 1348–1353,
Italian;
circulated in manuscript; first
printed
1522; translated into Early
Modern
English: The Decameron, 1620)
Geoffrey
Chaucer, ca. 1343–1400:
Canterbury Tales (written ca. 1387,
Middle
English; circulated in
manuscript;
published ca. 1476–1477 by
William
Caxton, England’s first printer)
Canvas >
Modules > Module 32 The Renaissance: The Rediscovery of Antiquity
learning
objectives for this module: be able to:
1. explain the
rise of Humanism (including specific authors and artists and their works)
2. discus the
Renaissance in its social and cultural aspects (including specific authors and
artists and their works)
to
do for this module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 11, “The Italian Renaissance,” pages
249–272.
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 32 > lecture / video H 113
32 The Renaissance_with_Recording
textbook (Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West), chapter 11: “The Italian
Renaissance,” pages 249–272
key terms background
Ciompi
revolt in Florence, 1378
(see
also discussion in chapter 10)
Salvestro de’ Medici, gonfaloniere di
giustizia.
gonfalon:
Italian: flag used by medieval
Italian
princes and city-states.
gonfaloniere:
one who bears the
gonfalon; standard bearer; chief
magistrate
of a medieval Italian republic
republic
(Latin: respublica, from res =
thing,
wealth + publica = public; public
things;
commonwealth): a form of
government
without a monarch / king;
opposed
to hereditary rule; elected
representatives
(selected by lottery /
sortition
in classical Athens and
medieval
Florence and Venice) create
laws
and rule according to law.
Renaissance: French: rebirth
(Italian:
rinascimento)
Filippo
Brunelleschi, 1377–1446
linear
perspective
Donatello,
1386–1466
Michelangelo Buonarroti, 1475–1564
humanists
philology
rhetoric
Coluccio
Salutati, 1331–1406, chancellor
(Latin
secretary) of Florence (1375–
1406):
De tyranno (written 1400,
Renaissance
Latin: On the Tyrant;
circulated
in manuscript)
Leonardo
Bruni, 1370–1444, chancellor
(Latin
secretary) of Florence (1410–1411,
1427–1444): Laudatio florentinæ urbis
(written ca.
1402, Renaissance Latin: In
Praise
of the City of Florence; circulated
in manuscript)
Lorenzo
Valla, 1407–1457: De falso credita
et ementita Constantini donatione
declamatio (written
1439–1440,
Renaissance
Latin: exposure of the
Donation of
Constantine; circulated in
manuscript; first printed 1506;
translated
into Early Modern English,
1534)
civic
humanism
Leon
Battista Alberti, 1404–1472
Della famiglia (written 1432–1443,
Italian: On the Family; circulated in
manuscript;
first printed 1734)
De pictura (written 1435, Renaissance
Latin;
circulated in manuscript; first
Italian
translation: Della pittura,
1436;
first printed in Latin 1540; first
English
translation, by Giacomo
Leone: Of Painting, 1726)
De re ædificatoria libri X (written 1452,
Renaissance
Latin; circulated in
manuscript;
first printed 1485;
first
Italian translation: I deici libri
de l’architettura, 1546; first English
translation,
by Giacomo Leone:
The
Architecture, 1726)
De
statua (written
after 1450,
Renaissance
Latin; circulated in
manuscript;
first printed in Italian
translation:
Della statua, 1651; first
translated
into Early Modern English
by
John Evelyn: Treatise of Statues,
1664)
Cosimo de’ Medici, 1389–1464 Council of Florence,
1438–1444: attempted
to
end the Schism of Eastern and
Western
Christianity
Peace
of Lodi, 1454
Italian
League
Renaissance
diplomacy
“An
ambassador is an honest man sent to
lie
abroad for the good of his country."
—Sir
Henry Wotton, 1604
balance
of power: an alliance system
intended
to prevent any one state from
dominating
others
Apropos
of Cosimo, and the Medici generally:
You
got to know when to hold 'em, know when to fold 'em,
Know when to walk away and know when to run.
You never count your money when you're sittin' at the table.
There'll be time enough for countin' when the dealin's done.
Know when to walk away and know when to run.
You never count your money when you're sittin' at the table.
There'll be time enough for countin' when the dealin's done.
--Kenny
Rogers, “The Gambler” (1978)
(songwriter,
Don Schlitz)
Antoninus Pierozzi, 1389–1459,
founding Summa theologica moralis (written 1458,
prior
of the convent of San Marco Renaissance
Latin: Summary of Moral
(1436–1446),
archbishop of Florence Theology; circulated in manuscript;
(1446–1459);
canonized 1523 first printed 1477–1480): concluded that
the
taking of interest on debt (in
contrast
to usury) was not sinful
Lorenzo de’ Medici Pazzi
Plot, 1478
(Lorenzo the Magnificent),
1449–1492
Girolamo Savonarola, 1452–1498,
prior of iconoclasm (“bonfire of
the vanities”)
the convent of San Marco (1491–1498) icon (Greek: eikōn): image
iconoclast
/ iconoclasm (Medieval Greek /
Byzantine
Greek [used ca. 600–1453]:
eikonoklastēs):
image destroyer
Niccolò Machiavelli, 1469–1527 De principatibus
(title and chapter
headings
in New Latin:
On Principalities, text in Italian; written
1513;
circulated in manuscript; first
printed
Rome, 1532, with the title Il
principe, Italian; translated into Early
Modern
English: The Prince, 1640)
Piero Soderini, 1450–1513, gonfaloniere di
giustizia
for life (1502–1512)
Cesare
Borgia, ca. 1475–1507
Italian Wars / Wars of Italy,
1494–1559 Charles VIII,
1470–1498,
(see
also discussion in chapter 12) king
of France (1483–1498) (Valois)
Louis
XII, 1462–1515,
king
of France (1498–1515) (Valois)
Francis
I, 1494–1547,
king
of France (1515–1547) (Valois)
sack
of Rome, 1527
Treaty
of Cambrai, 1529
Habsburg-Valois
Wars, 1522–1559
insolvency
of France and Spain, 1557
Treaty
of Cateau-Cambrésis, 1559:
recognized
Spain as the most powerful
country
in Europe
Canvas >
Modules > Module 33 The World of Niccolò Machiavelli
learning
objectives for this module:If you choose, for the analytical essay, to read and evaluate Machiavelli’s The Prince:
Following the guidelines spelled out in the instruction sheet for
the assignment (see Book Review Machiavelli 23285 
), read and
review Machiavelli’s The Prince:
), read and
review Machiavelli’s The Prince:
be
able to:
1. distinguish
whether Machiavelli’s advice to the prince is immoral, amoral (outside the
sphere to which moral judgments apply), or if the prince answers to a higher morality—reason
of state—than personal morality because he is responsible for the safety and
well-being of the citizens of his state
2. compare and
contrast the role that Machiavelli assigned to fortune and virtue (the ability
of the prince to control his subjects and his state)
3. distinguish
the role that Machiavelli assigned to God’s will and to human free will
4. describe
Machiavelli’s views on citizen militias and mercenary forces
5. based on
Machiavelli’s discussion of Scipio the Elder in The Prince, and on what you have learned about Scipio the Elder in
this course and in your textbook, evaluate the effectiveness of Machiavelli’s
tough-minded strategy and tactics
6. evaluate
Machiavelli’s proposal to deal with the political / territorial fragmentation
and foreign occupation of Italy
7. place
Machiavelli’s arguments in the context of early sixteenth-century Italian
political circumstances
If you
choose, for the analytical essay, to analyze a work of art that you saw at the
Indianapolis Museum of Art:
Following the guidelines spelled out in the instruction sheet for
the assignment (see Book Review Machiavelli 23285 ), be able to
analyze the work of art that you chose:
), be able to
analyze the work of art that you chose:
be
able to:
1. identify who created the work of art (if
known)
2. pinpoint
where and when (date, as exact as possible, approximate if necessary) the work
was created
3. describe the
medium in which the work was created. Painting (oil, tempera, watercolor,
fresco)? Sculpture (bronze, marble, terracotta)? Drawing (graphite, etching,
engraving, pastel)? Mosaic? Tapestry?
4. identify the
intended audience for the work (public or private)
5. ascertain if
the work was commissioned. If so, who commissioned it? Private or public
patron? Governmental entity? Religious organization? It is important to know
the context of a commissioned work since the commission might reveal some bias,
influence, deference to the patron, or other limitation, whether deliberate or
unintentional.
6. describe the
subject of the work. Portrait (individual, group, self-portrait)? A religious
subject (representation of a scriptural or devotional subject)? Historical (a
major subject area from the sixteenth century was history painting)? Domestic
(northern European artists from fifteenth century specialized in domestic
scenes)? Landscape? Townscape? Seascape?
7. explain what
the work tells us about the society in which it was created
8. distinguish
if the work is realistic or idealized, and if it is characteristic of an
identifiable style
·
read the textbook, chapter 11, “The Italian Renaissance,"
page 262: “Machiavelli and Politics”
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 33 > lecture / video H 113
33 The World of Niccolò Machiavelli_with_Recording
·
view a video (actually audio) from National Public Radio, narrated
by Sylvia Poggioli on the
cinquecentennial of The Prince (2013): Link
The class is asynchronous
(proceed at your own pace) until 12:00 NOON, Wednesday, November 15, when we will
visit
the Indianapolis Museum of Art, 4000 Michigan Road. Meet inside the main
entrance. Please note that, for the Book Review of Machiavelli or analysis of
work of art due on November 29, if you opt to read and review Machiavelli’s The Prince, this visit
is optional; if you opt to analyze a work of art, the visit is required.
Children, friends, and relatives are welcome. Following the museum tour (about
an hour), Dr. Gregory Smith and Dr. Victor Chen will provide an optional tour
of the IMA’s Conservation Science Laboratory.After that, the next synchronous event will be Wednesday November 29, when there will be a class discussion of Machiavelli or work of art at 10:00 AM (see Book review Machiavelli 23285.doc), and the Review of Machiavelli or work of art is due, to be submitted through Canvas > Assignments > Book Review of Machiavelli or analysis of work of art, no later than 11:59 PM.
Canvas >
Modules > Module 34 The
Reconnaissance: The Seaborne Empires
learning
objective for this module:
Be able to
explain the causes, course of events, and results of European expansion and
colonization into Africa, Asia, and the Americas during the early modern
period.
to
do for this module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 12, “The European Empires,” the section
on “European Encounters,” pages 273–281.
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 34 > lecture / video, H
113 24 The Reconnaissance_with_Recording
textbook (Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West), chapter 12: “The European
Empires,” pages 273–281
key terms background
navigation, expansion, and encounter
Prince Henry
the Navigator, 1394–1460 caravels
Columbian Exchange Christopher
Columbus, ca. 1446–1506
Italian: Cristoforo Colombo
Spanish:
Cristóbal Colón
First voyage,
1492–1493
Second
voyage, 1493–1496
Third
voyage, 1498–1500
Fourth
voyage, 1502–1503
Papal
Line of Demarcation, 1493
Treaty
of Tordesillas, 1494
reconquista
encomiendas
/ haciendas
New
World (the earliest recorded use of the
term
in English was in 1555)
Hernando
Cortés, 1485–1547
Ferdinand
Magellan, ca. 1480–1521 circumnavigation,
1519–1522
Canvas
> Modules > Module 25 The
New Monarchieslearning objectives for this module: be able to:
1. compare and
contrast the efforts of monarchs throughout Europe—England, France, Spain, the
Holy Roman Empire, and Russia—to consolidate their governance in opposition to
what Sir John Fortescue called the “over-mighty subjects”—feudal warrior
aristocrats who could deploy private armies and private castles
2. compare and
contrast the representative assemblies in the several countries of medieval
Europe. In what countries and circumstances were those assemblies strong? In
what countries and circumstances were those assemblies weak? How did the
representative assemblies engage the resources of the three estates of the
realm (first estate: clergy; second estate: nobility; third estate: commons /
burgesses / burghers / bourgeoisie / knights / gentry) in their respective
countries?
to
do for this module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 12, “The European Empires,” the
sections on “The Formation of States” and “The Dynastic Struggles,” pages
282–295
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 25 > lecture / video H 113
25 The New Monarchies_with_Recording
·
view a YouTube video, from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, “The
Birth of Parliament: Westminster Palace and Westminster Abbey” (in London).
Follow the prompt: “This video contains content from UNESCO, who has blocked it
from display on this website. Watch on YouTube”—in other words, click on
the Watch on YouTube link: Link
textbook (Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West), chapter 12: “The European
Empires,” the sections on “The Formation of States” and “The Dynastic
Struggles,” pages 282–295
key terms background
The
New Monarchies
Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible),
1530–1584, Ivan III (Ivan
the Great), 1440–1505,
grand
duke of Moscow (1533–1584) grand
duke of Moscow (1462–1505)
and tsar of Russia (1547–1584) boyars
Wars of the Roses, 1455–1485 white rose:
Yorkists
(see
also discussion in chapter 10) red
rose: Lancastrians
insolvency
/ sovereign debt default of
England,
1472
Henry
VII, 1457–1509, king of England
(1485–1509)
(first of the Tudor dynasty)
Tudor
rose combined white and red roses
Henry VIII, 1491–1547, Thomas
More, 1478–1535; lord chancellor
king
of England (1509–1547) (Tudor) of
England (1529–1532); canonized
(see
also discussion in chapter 13) 1935;
Utopia (Louvain, Spanish
Netherlands,
1516, New Latin;
translated
into Early Modern English,
London, 1551)
(see
also discussion in chapter 13)
Thomas
Cromwell, ca. 1485–1540,
principal
secretary of England
(1532–1540)
dissolution
of the monasteries and
convents,
1536–1539
Louis XI (“The Spider”),
1423–1483,
king of France (1461–1483) (Valois)
Ferdinand and Isabella Ferdinand
V, 1452–1516, Spanish king of
Castile
and Leon (1474–1504), king of
Aragon
(as Ferdinand II, 1479–1516)
Isabella
I, 1451–1504, Spanish queen of
Castile
and Leon (1474–1504)
conversos:
Moriscos, Marranos
Spanish
Inquisition, 1478–1834
Fall
of Granada, 1492
Charles V, 1500–1558, emperor
(1519–1558)
and,
as Charles I, king of Spain
(1516–1556)
(Habsburg)
(see
also discussion in chapter 13)
representative assemblies
(in
late medieval / early modern
Europe)
Parliament
(England)
The Great Council came to be called
Parliament ca. 1240.
Simon
de Montfort’s Parliament, 1265
Model
Parliament, 1295
power
of the purse
estates
of the realm
first estate: clergy
second estate: nobility
third estate: commons / burgesses /
burghers
/ bourgeoisie / knights /
gentry
Estates-General
(France)
first
summoned 1302
cortes
(Spain)
diet
/ Reichstag (Germany / Holy Roman
Empire,
Poland, Bohemia, Hungary,
Scandinavian
countries)
Italian Wars / Wars of Italy,
1494–1559 Charles VIII,
1470–1498,
(see
also discussion in chapter 11) king
of France (1483–1498) (Valois)
Louis
XII, 1462–1515,
king
of France (1498–1515) (Valois)
Francis
I, 1494–1547,
king
of France (1515–1547) (Valois)
sack
of Rome, 1527
Treaty
of Cambrai, 1529
Habsburg-Valois
Wars, 1522–1559
insolvency
of France and Spain, 1557
Treaty
of Cateau-Cambrésis, 1559:
recognized
Spain as the most powerful
country
in Europe
Canvas >
Modules > Module 36 The
Reformations: The Rediscovery of the Patristic Age
learning
objectives for this module: be able to:- determine whether the Protestant Reformation was a top-down act of state (as asserted by Sir Frederick Powicke in the case of the English Reformation), imposed from above by secular rulers bent on secularizing church property, or a grass-roots reform movement led by religious leaders such as John Wycliffe and William Tyndale in England, Jan Hus in Bohemia, and Martin Luther in Germany
- compare and contrast Desiderius Erasmus, Martin Luther, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Calvin—demonstrating how they were similar and how they were different
- compare and contrast the Catholic Reformation and the Protestant Reformation, demonstrating how the Catholic Church responded to the challenge of the Protestant Reformation
·
read the textbook, chapter 13, “The Reform of Religion,” pages
296–320
·
view the lecture / video, H 113 26 The Reformations_with_Recording
·
View a YouTube video, from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre,
“Luther Memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg.” Follow the prompt: “This video
contains content from UNESCO, who has blocked it from display on this website. Watch
on YouTube”—in other words, click on the Watch on YouTube link: Link
textbook (Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West), chapter 13: “The Reform of
Religion,” pages 296–320
key terms background
Johannes Gutenberg, ca. 1400–1468 Gutenberg
invented movable type in
Strasbourg,
ca. 1437. He completed the
Mazarin
Bible (the first printed book;
the
Latin Vulgate text) at Mainz no later
than
1456.
incunabulum
(1849; plural: incunabula;
New
Latin): “a book printed before
1501”
Christian
humanism
Thomas More, 1478–1535, lord
chancellor Utopia (Louvain, Spanish Netherlands, 1516,
of
England (1529–1532), canonized 1935 New
Latin; translated into Early Modern
(see also discussion in chapter 12) English, London, 1551)
Desiderius Erasmus, ca. 1466–1536 New Piety / Brethren of the
Common Life
Moriæ encomium (written 1509, New
Latin;
circulated in manuscript; printed
1511;
translated into Early Modern
English: The Praise of Folly, 1549)
Textus
Receptus (New Latin: received text)
(1516):
a new Greek edition and a New
Latin
translation of the New Testament
indulgences:
Latin: remissions
Johann
Tetzel, ca. 1465–1519
Martin Luther, 1483–1546 Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis
indulgentiarum
(1517,
New Latin:
Ninety-five
Theses on the Power and
Efficacy
of Indulgences)
sola fide: New Latin: [justification] by
faith
alone
sola
scriptura:
New Latin: [authority] of
scripture
alone
Charles V, 1500–1558, emperor
(1519– Disputation at
Leipzig, 1519
1558)
and, as Charles I, king of Spain Diet
of Worms, 1521: Edict of Worms
(1516–1556)
(Habsburg) prohibited
all new doctrines.
(see
also discussion in chapter 12)
Luther
Bible: a translation by Luther from
Erasmus’s
edition (Textus Receptus) of
the
Greek New Testament into German
(1522);
by Luther and others from
Hebrew
and Greek of the Old and New
Testaments
into German (1534)
Frederick
III (Frederick the Wise), 1463–
1525,
elector of Saxony, 1486–1525
Second
Diet of Speyer, 1529, resolved to
enforce
the Edict of Worms; reformist
states
protested this resolution, from
which
they were called “Protestants.”
Huldrych Zwingli, 1484–1531 theocracy (1622) (Greek:
theokratia, from
theos
= god + kratia = strength; power;
form
of government): “government of a
state
by immediate divine guidance or
by
officials who are regarded as divinely
guided”
John Calvin, 1509–1564 Institutio Christianæ religionis (written
1532–1536,
New Latin; printed 1536;
translated
into Middle French:
Institution de la religion chrestienne,
1541; translated
into Early Modern
English: The Institution of the Christian
Religion, 1561)
predestination
Henry VIII, 1491–1547, king of Defender of the
Faith, 1521
England
(1509–1547) (Tudor) the
six wives of Henry VIII:
(see
also discussion in chapter 12) 1.
Katherine of Aragon (1485–1536);
married Henry 1513; her daughter:
Mary
I; divorced 1533
2.
Anne Boleyn (ca. 1507–1536); married Henry 1533; her daughter: Elizabeth I;
executed
3.
Jane Seymour (ca. 1509–1537); married Henry 1536; her son: Edward VI; died
following childbirth
4.
Anne of Cleves (1515–1557); married Henry 1540; divorced and survived him
5.
Catherine Howard (ca. 1521–1542); married Henry 1540; executed
6.
Catherine Parr (1512–1548); married Henry 1543 and survived him
Tyndale
Bible: a translation by William
Tyndale
(ca. 1494–1536) from
Erasmus’s
edition (Textus Receptus) of
the
Greek New Testament into Early
Modern
English (1525–1526); by
Tyndale
and others from Hebrew and
Greek
of the Old and New Testaments
into
Early Modern English (1537)
Thomas
Cromwell, ca. 1485–1540, dissolution
of the monasteries and
principal
secretary of England convents,
1536–1539
(1532–1540) Pilgrimage
of Grace, 1536
(see
also discussion in chapter 12) Great
Bible: a translation, mainly by Myles
Coverdale,
commissioned by Thomas
Cromwell,
mostly from the Latin Vulgate
into
Early Modern English (1539)
Edward
VI, 1537–1553, king of
England (1547–1553) (Tudor)
Mary
I, 1516–1558, queen of
England (1553–1558) (Tudor)
Elizabeth I, 1533–1603, queen of Thirty-nine Articles of
Religion, 1563
England
(1558–1603) (Tudor) Pope
Pius V anathematized (solemnly
pronounced
a ban accompanied by
excommunication)
and deposed
Elizabeth
I, 1570
Anabaptists
Counter-Reformation /
Catholic
Reformation
Ignatius of Loyola, 1491–1556; Exercitia
spiritualia
(written 1522–1524,
canonized
1622 New
Latin; circulated in manuscript;
printed
1548; Early Modern English
translation:
A Manuall of Devout
Meditations
and Exercises,
[Spiritual
Exercises] [St. Omer: English Jesuit
College
Press], 1618; French translation:
Les
vrais exercices spirituels, 1619;
Spanish
translation: Practica de
los
exercicios espirituales, 1675)
Francis
Xavier, 1506–1552;
canonized 1622
Council of Trent, 1545–1563 Index librorum prohibitorum (1559–1966,
New
Latin; first English translation:
Index
of Prohibited Books, 1840)
Peace
of Augsburg, 1555: “Cuius regio, eius
religio”
New Latin: Whose region, his
the
religion
Reims-Douai
Bible: a translation by the
Catholic
English College in France from
the
Latin Vulgate into Early Modern
English
(New Testament, Reims, 1582;
Old
Testament, Douai, 1609–1610)
propaganda:
New Latin: from Congregatio
de
propaganda fide: Congregation for
propagating
the faith: a congregation
established
by Pope Gregory XV
(d.
1623), “of the Roman curia, having
jurisdiction
over missionary territories;
.
. . the spreading of ideas, information,
or
rumor for the purpose of helping or
injuring
an institution, a cause, or a
person”
Canvas >
Modules > Module 37 The French Wars of Religion
learning
objective for this module:Be able to explain the causes, course of events, and results of the French Wars of Religion.
to do for this module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 14, “Europe at War, 1555–1648,” pages
321–325.
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 37 > lecture / video, H
113 27 The French Wars of Religion_with_Recording
textbook (Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West), chapter 14: “Europe at War,
1555–1648,” pages 321–325
key terms background
French Wars of Religion, 1562–1598 Huguenots
Saint
Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 1572
Henry IV, 1553–1610, king of
Navarre politiques
(1572–1610);
first Bourbon Gallicanism
king
of France (1589–1610) ultramontanism
(ca. 1618)
Edict
of Nantes, 1598
Canvas >
Modules > Module 38 The Revolt of the Netherlands
learning
objective for this module:
Be able to
explain the causes, course of events, and results of the Revolt of the
Netherlands / Eighty Years’ War.
to
do for this module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 14, “Europe at War, 1555–1648,” pages
326–330
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 38 > lecture / video H 113
38 The Revolt of the Netherlands_with_Recording
textbook (Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West), chapter 14: “Europe at War,
1555–1648,” pages 326–330
key terms background
Philip II, 1527–1598, king of
Naples, Sicily, El Escorial
(Spanish: gridiron: grate on
and
Spain (1556–1598) and, as Philip I, which
martyrs—notably Saint Lawrence
king
of England (1554–1558) and king —were
burned);
of Portugal (1580–1598) (Habsburg) the palace was built
1563–1584
Revolt of the Netherlands / William of
Orange (William the Silent),
Eighty
Years’ War, 1566–1648 1533–1584,
stadtholder of the
Netherlands
(1572–1584)
insolvencies
/ sovereign debt defaults of
Spain:
1557, 1575, 1576, 1607, 1627, 1647
Twelve
Years’ Truce, 1609–1621
Spanish Armada, 1588
Canvas >
Modules > Module 39 The Thirty Years’ War
learning
Objective for this Module:
Be able to
explain the causes, course of events, and results of the Thirty Years’ War.
to
do for this Module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 14, “Europe at War, 1555–1648,” pages
335–342.
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 39 > lecture / video, H
113 29 The Thirty Years’ War_with_Recording
textbook (Kishlansky et al., Civilization in the West), chapter 14: “Europe at War,
1555–1648,” pages 335–342
key terms background
Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648 Ferdinand II, 1578–1637,
emperor (1619–
1637),
king of Bohemia (1617–1637) and
of
Hungary (1618–1637) (Habsburg)
Bohemian
Period, 1618–1625
Second
Defenestration of Prague, 1618
Frederick
the Winter King, 1596–1632,
king
of Bohemia (1619–1620),
elector
palatine (1610–1620) as
Frederick
V
Battle
of the White Mountain, 1620
Danish
Period, 1625–1629
Christian
IV, 1577–1648, king of
Denmark and Norway (1588–1648)
(Oldenburg)
Albrecht
von Wallenstein, 1583–1634
insolvencies
of Spain, 1627 and 1647,
and
France, 1648
Swedish
Period, 1630–1635
Gustavus
II (Gustavus Adolphus), 1594–
1632,
king of Sweden (1611–1632)
(Vasa)
Sack
of Magdeburg, 1631
Battle
of Leipzig or Breitenfeld, 1631
Battle
of Lützen, 1632
Swedish-French
Period, 1635–1648
balance
of power (1701): an alliance system
intended
to prevent any one state from
dominating
others
Peace
of Westphalia, 1648: recognized
France
as the most powerful country in
Europe
status
quo ante bellum: New Latin:
“the
state existing before the war”
Canvas >
Modules > Module 40 Economy and Society in Early Modern Europe
learning
objectives for this module: be able to:
1. demonstrate
the economic consequences of the discovery of gold and silver and their
exportation from South America to Spain and throughout Europe
2. explain the
impact of enclosure, conversion from arable land to pasture, and conversion
from subsistence to commercial farming, in England and throughout Europe
3. explain the
causes, course of events and results of the German Peasants’ War, 1524–1526
to
do for this module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 15, “The Experiences of Life in Early
Modern Europe, 1500–1650,” the sections on “Economic Life” and “Peasant
Revolts,” pages 343–349 and 354–356
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 40 > lecture / video, H
113 40 Economy and Society in Early Modern Europe_with_Recording
textbook (Kishlansky et
al., Civilization in the West),
chapter 15: “The Experiences of Life in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1650,” the
sections on “Economic Life” and “Peasant Revolts,” pages 343–349 and 354–356
key terms background
Price Revolution, ca. 1500–ca.
1600 insolvencies /
sovereign debt defaults of
Spain,
1557, 1575, 1576; of France, 1557
enclosure Thomas
More, 1478–1535, lord chancellor
of
England (1529–1532); canonized
1935;
Utopia (Louvain, Spanish
Netherlands,
1516, New Latin;
translated
into Early Modern English,
London, 1551)
German Peasants’ War, 1524–1526 Zwölf Artikel der Bauernschaft in
Schwaben ([Speyer], 1525, German:
Twelve
Articles of the Peasants of
Swabia)
Martin Luther, Wider die räuberischen und
mörderischen
Rotten der Bauern
(Erfurt,
1525, German: Against the
Murderous,
Thieving Hordes of
Peasants)
Thomas
Münzer
Canvas >
Modules > Module 41 Patriarchy: The Divine Right of Kings
learning
objective for this module:
Be able to
explain the evolution of the political theories of patriarchy, the divine right
of kings, and resistance, specifying the authors and titles of their books that
influenced and promoted each of these political theories.
to
do for this module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 16, “The Royal State in the Seventeenth
Century,” pages 363–374
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 41 > lecture / video, H
113 41 Patriarchy The Divine Right of Kings_with_Recording
key terms background
divine right of kings (ca. 1600): patriarchy (1632)
(Greek: patriarchēs, from
political
theory that “a monarch patria = lineage /
father + archos =
receives
the right to rule directly ruler:
rule by the father): “social
from
God and not from the people” organization
marked by the supremacy
of
the father in the clan or family, the
legal
dependence of wives and children,
and
the reckoning of descent and
inheritance
in the male line; broadly:
control
by men of a disproportionately
large
share of power”
Sir
Robert Filmer, Patriarcha; or, The
Natural
Power of Kings (written
probably
ca. 1630–ca. 1650; circulated
in
manuscript; published London, 1680)
Jean
Bodin, Les six livres de la république
(Middle
French, Paris, 1576; translated
into
Early Modern English: The Six
Bookes
of a Common-weale, London,
1606)
King
James VI of Scotland (later James I of
England)
(Stuart), The True Lawe of
Free
Monarchies (Edinburgh, 1598)
resistance
theory:
Stephanus
Junius Brutus (pseudonym for
Philippe
Duplessis-Mornay?), Vindiciæ
contra
tyrannos
(New Latin, Edinburgh
[Basle?],
1579; Middle French
translation: De la
puissance légitime du
prince
sur le peuple, et du peuple sur le
prince, [place of
publication not
disclosed]
1581; Dutch translation: Cort
onderwijs eens liefhebbers des
welstandts
deser Nederlanden,
Amsterdam,
1586; Early Modern
English
translation of Part 4: A Short
Apologie
for Christian Souldiours,
London,
1588; Early Modern English
translation
of the full text: A Defence of
Liberty
against Tyrants, London, 1648)
Juan
de Mariana, De rege et regis
institutione (New Latin: The King and
the
Education of the King, Toledo, 1599)
England
James
I, 1566–1625, king of England
(1603–1625)
and, as King James VI,
king
of Scotland (1567–1625) (Stuart)
Authorized
Version / King James Version of
the
Bible: a translation from the
Masoretic
Hebrew text of the Old
Testament
and Erasmus’s edition
(Textus
Receptus) of the Greek New
Testament
into Early Modern English
(1611)
Duke
of Buckingham, 1592–1628
Charles I, 1600–1649, king of
England, Puritans /
Calvinists
Scotland,
and Ireland (1625–1649) Arminians
/ Anti-Calvinists
(Stuart)
Canvas >
Modules > Module 42 Absolutism: The English Civil Wars
learning
objectives for this module: be able to:- explain the causes, course of events, and results of the English Civil Wars
- explain the evolution of the political theories of absolutism and the social contract, specifying the authors and titles of their books that influenced and promoted each of these political theories
·
read the textbook, chapter 16, “The Royal State in the Seventeenth
Century,” pages 374–376
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 42 > lecture / video H 113
42 Patriarchy The Divine Right of Kings_with_Recording
textbook (Kishlansky et
al., Civilization in the West),
chapter 16, “The Royal State in the Seventeenth Century,” pages 374–376
key terms background
Long Parliament, 1640–1653 First Civil War,
1642–1646
Battle
of Edge Hill, 1642
Battle
of Adwalton Moor, 1643
Battle
of Marston Moor, 1644
Battle
of Naseby, 1645
Second
Civil War, 1648
Battle
of Preston, 1648
Oliver Cromwell, 1599–1658, Richard Cromwell,
1626–1712,
lord
protector of England, Scotland, lord
protector of England, Scotland,
and
Ireland (1653–1658) and
Ireland (1658–1659)
Thomas
Hobbes, 1588–1679 first
translator (1629) of Thucydides, The
Peloponnesian War (ca. 411–ca. 401
BCE)
from Greek into Early Modern
English
Leviathan (London, 1651). A Latin
edition
of
Hobbes’s works, including Leviathan,
was
published as Opera philosophica (8
parts,
Amsterdam, 1668).
materialism
(1733): theory that ultimate
reality
is matter and the motion of
matter
social
contract (1837): “an actual or
hypothetical
agreement among the
members
of an organized society or
between
a community and its ruler that
defines
the rights and duties of each”
absolutism
(1830): government (which
could
be either a monarchy or a
republic)
without a constitution or other
restraint
on the power of the state; God
ordains
the state; the people revere the
state;
the state consolidates power
within
itself, weakens representative
institutions,
and expands the role of the
military
in both foreign and domestic
policy.
Charles
II, 1630–1685, king of England,
Scotland,
and Ireland (1649–1685)
(Stuart)
Great
Plague, 1665
Great
Fire of London, 1666
Exclusion
Crisis, 1679–1681
political
parties
Tory
(1646): originally, an Irish cattle
rustler;
later, the political party that
favored
hereditary succession during
the
Exclusion Crisis, an enhanced royal
authority,
and a pro-French foreign
policy
Whig
(1702): originally, a Scottish horse
thief;
later, the political party that
favored Protestant succession during
the
Exclusion Crisis, restrictions on
royal
authority, enhanced parliamentary
power,
and a pro-Dutch foreign policy
James
II, 1633–1701, king of England,
Scotland,
and Ireland (1685–1688)
(Stuart)
Canvas >
Modules > Module 43 Resistance: The Revolution of 1688
learning
objectives for this module: be able to:
1. explain the
causes, course of events, and results of the Glorious Revolution
2. explicate the
contract theory of government, specifying the authors and titles of their books
that influenced and promoted this political theory
to
do for this Module:
·
read the textbook, chapter 16, “The Royal State in the Seventeenth
Century,” pages 376–384
·
view Canvas > Modules > Module 43 > lecture / video, H
113 43 Resistance The Revolution of 1688_with_Recording
·
view a YouTube video, from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, “The
French Glory: The Palace and Park of Versailles.” Follow the prompt: “This
video contains content from UNESCO, who has blocked it from display on this
website. Watch on YouTube”—in other words, click on the Watch on
YouTube link: Link
textbook (Kishlansky et
al., Civilization in the West),
chapter 16, “The Royal State in the Seventeenth Century,” pages 376–384
key terms background
Glorious Revolution, 1688–1689 William III,
1650–1702, stadtholder of the
Netherlands
(1672–1702), king of
England,
Scotland, and Ireland
(1689–1702)
(Orange)
Mary
II, 1662–1694, queen of England,
Scotland,
and Ireland (1689–1694)
(Stuart);
married William in 1677
Declaration
of Rights, 1689
Bill
of Rights, 1689
Toleration
Act, 1689
John Locke, 1632–1704 Enlightenment
(1654): “a philosophic
(see
also discussion in Chapter 18) movement
of the eighteenth century
marked
by a rejection of traditional
social,
religious, and political ideas
and
an emphasis on rationalism”
empiricism
(1657) (Greek: empeirikos:
doctor
relying solely on experience,
observation,
and experiment): “a theory
that
all knowledge originates in
experience”
Two
Treatises of Government (written
1679–80;
published anonymously,
London,
1689; first French translation
of the Second Treatise: Du
gouvernement civil, Amsterdam, 1691)
contract
theory of government
“Essay
Concerning Toleration” (written
1667;
circulated in manuscript; first
printed
in New Latin: Epistola de
tolerantia
ad clarissimum virum,
Gouda, 1689; English
translation:
Letters Concerning Toleration, London,
1689,
1690, 1692; German translation:
Sendschreiben
von der Toleranz,
[place
of
publication not specified], 1710)
Russia
Peter I (Peter the Great),
1672–1725, tsar Great Northern
War, 1700–1721
(1682–1725)
and emperor (1721–1725) Battle of
Poltava, 1709
of
Russia (Romanov) Treaty
of Nystad, 1721
(see
also discussion in Chapter 18) Table
of Ranks, 1722
poll
tax, 1724
serfs
Vitus
Bering explored Kamchatka,
1725–1730,
and Alaska, 1741
France
Louis
XIII, 1601–1643,
king
of France (1610–1643) (Bourbon)
Cardinal Richelieu (Armand Jean du raison d’état: French: reason of state
Plessis, cardinal-duc de Richelieu et de intendants
Fronsac), 1585–1642, prime minister Father Joseph,
1577–1638
(“prime ministre”) of France (1624– (François
du Tremblay, Éminence Grise:
1642) (Éminence Rouge: red
eminence) gray eminence)
Louis XIV, 1638–1715, absolutism
king
of France (1643–1715) (Bourbon) “L’état,
c’est moi.”: French: “I am the state.”
(see
also discussion in chapter 17) Jules
Cardinal Mazarin (Giulio Mazarini),
1602–1661,
prime minister of France
(1642–1661)
Fronde,
1648–1653
Jean-Baptiste
Colbert, 1619–1683,
controller-general
of finances of France
(1665–1683)
Revocation
of the Edict of Nantes, 1685
Marquis
de Louvois, 1639–1691,
minister
of war of France (1666–1691)
Versailles,
built 1662–1682
- Assignment status: Resolved by our Writing Team
.
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